according to the graph below what can you say about the global surface temperature
This indicator describes trends in average surface temperature for the United States and the world.
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This figure shows how annual average temperatures in the contiguous 48 states have changed since 1901. Surface information come up from land-based conditions stations. Satellite measurements encompass the lower troposphere, which is the lowest level of the World's atmosphere. "UAH" and "RSS" represent ii dissimilar methods of analyzing the original satellite measurements. This graph uses the 1901–2000 average as a baseline for depicting change. Choosing a different baseline menses would non modify the shape of the data over time.
Data source: NOAA, 2021ane
Web update: Apr 2021 -
This effigy shows how annual average temperatures worldwide have inverse since 1901. Surface data come from a combined set of land-based conditions stations and sea surface temperature measurements. Satellite measurements cover the lower troposphere, which is the lowest level of the Earth's atmosphere. "UAH" and "RSS" represent two different methods of analyzing the original satellite measurements. This graph uses the 1901–2000 average as a baseline for depicting alter. Choosing a unlike baseline menstruation would not change the shape of the data over fourth dimension.
Data source: NOAA, 2021ii
Spider web update: April 2021 -
This figure shows how annual boilerplate air temperatures take changed in different parts of the U.s.a. since the early on xxth century (since 1901 for the face-to-face 48 states and 1925 for Alaska). The data are shown for climate divisions, as defined by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Data source: NOAA, 20213
Web update: April 2021
Key Points
- Since 1901, the average surface temperature across the face-to-face 48 states has risen at an average rate of 0.16°F per decade (see Figure 1). Average temperatures have risen more quickly since the late 1970s (0.31 to 0.54°F per decade since 1979). Eight of the acme 10 warmest years on record for the face-to-face 48 states have occurred since 1998, and 2012 and 2016 were the two warmest years on record.
- Worldwide, 2016 was the warmest twelvemonth on record, 2020 was the 2d-warmest, and 2011–2020 was the warmest decade on record since thermometer-based observations began. Global average surface temperature has risen at an boilerplate rate of 0.17°F per decade since 1901 (run across Figure ii), like to the rate of warming within the contiguous 48 states. Since the late 1970s, even so, the The states has warmed faster than the global rate.
- Some parts of the United States have experienced more warming than others (meet Figure 3). The N, the West, and Alaska have seen temperatures increase the virtually, while some parts of the Southeast have experienced little change. Non all of these regional trends are statistically pregnant, however.
Background
Temperature is a key measurement for describing the climate, and the temperature in particular places can accept broad-ranging effects on human being life and ecosystems. For instance, increases in air temperature can pb to more than intense oestrus waves (see the Rut Waves indicator), which can cause illness and death, especially in vulnerable populations. Annual and seasonal temperature patterns too determine the types of animals and plants that tin survive in particular locations. Changes in temperature tin disrupt a wide range of natural processes, particularly if these changes occur more than quickly than constitute and animal species can adjust.
Concentrations of heat-trapping greenhouse gases are increasing in the Earth'southward atmosphere (see the Atmospheric Concentrations of Greenhouse Gases indicator). In response, average temperatures at the Earth's surface are increasing and are expected to go on rising. Because climatic change can shift the wind patterns and ocean currents that bulldoze the world's climate organization, some areas are warming more than others, and some have experienced cooling.
About the Indicator
This indicator examines U.Southward. and global surface temperature patterns over time. U.Due south. surface measurements come from weather stations on land, while global surface measurements also comprise observations from buoys and ships on the ocean, thereby providing information from sites spanning much of the surface of the Earth. This indicator starts at 1901 except for the detailed map of Alaska, where reliable statewide records are bachelor dorsum to 1925. For comparison, this indicator also displays satellite measurements that can be used to gauge the temperature of the Earth's lower temper since 1979.
This indicator shows annual anomalies, or differences, compared with the average temperature from 1901 to 2000. For instance, an anomaly of +2.0 degrees ways the average temperature was two degrees higher than the long-term average. Anomalies have been calculated for each conditions station. Daily temperature measurements at each site were used to summate monthly anomalies, which were then averaged to find an annual temperature bibelot for each yr. Anomalies for the contiguous 48 states and Alaska have been determined by calculating boilerplate anomalies for areas within each state based on station density, interpolation, and topography. These regional anomalies are then averaged together in proportion to their surface area to develop national results. Similarly, global anomalies have been adamant by dividing the globe into a grid, averaging the data for each cell of the grid, so averaging the grid cells together.
Nigh the Data
Indicator Notes
Information from the early on 20th century are somewhat less precise than more than recent data because there were fewer stations collecting measurements at the time, especially in the Southern Hemisphere. The overall trends are still reliable, however. Where possible, the data take been adjusted to account for whatever biases that might be introduced by factors such equally station moves, urbanization nearly the station, changes in measuring instruments, and changes in the exact times at which measurements are taken.
Hawaii and U.S. territories are not included, due to limitations in bachelor data.
Data Sources
The information for this indicator were provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Centers for Environmental Information, which maintains a large drove of climate information online at: www.ncei.noaa.gov. The surface temperature anomalies shown here were calculated based on monthly values from a network of long-term monitoring stations. Satellite data were analyzed by two independent groups—the Global Hydrology and Climate Center at the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) and Remote Sensing Systems (RSS)—resulting in slightly different trend lines.
Technical Documentation
- Download related technical information PDF
References
1 USGCRP (U.S. Global Modify Research Program). 2017. Climate science special report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, volume I. Wuebbles, D.J., D.W. Fahey, K.A. Hibbard, D.J. Dokken, B.C. Stewart, and T.K. Maycock (eds.). https://science2017.globalchange.gov. doi:10.7930/J0J964J6.
2 NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2021. Climate at a glance. Accessed February 2021. www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag.
3 NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2021. Climate at a glance. Accessed February 2021. world wide web.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag.
4 NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Assistants). 2021. Climate at a glance. Accessed February 2021. www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag.
Source: https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-us-and-global-temperature
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